Thyroid surgery

Thyroid pathologies that may require surgical intervention include both benign and malignant conditions. Benign conditions encompass multinodular goiter, thyroid nodules causing compressive or aesthetic symptoms, and hyperthyroidism resistant to medical treatment. Malignant pathologies include various types of thyroid cancer, such as papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinoma. In these cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected gland and prevent the spread of cancer.

A thyroidectomy is the surgical operation to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Depending on the extent of the disease, a total thyroidectomy, where the entire gland is removed, or a subtotal thyroidectomy or lobectomy, where only part of the gland is removed, may be performed. This procedure is done under general anesthesia and requires an incision in the neck. Thyroidectomy is a common and safe operation, but like all surgeries, it carries risks and potential complications, which the surgeon will discuss with the patient beforehand.

Recovery after a thyroidectomy is typically quick, with most patients returning to their normal activities within a few weeks. It is common to experience some neck pain and discomfort in the first few postoperative days, but this is effectively managed with medication. Patients may need lifelong thyroid hormone supplements if the entire gland is removed. Follow-up visits with the endocrinologist are crucial to monitor hormone levels and adjust medication as needed to ensure proper hormonal balance.